Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate are widely used in the treatment of both aqueous and gaseous emissions. For example, in the treatment of wastewater and potable water they are used to both neutralise and buffer the waters to aid control of pH

The use of both sodium carbonate and bicarbonate has increased for the treatment of acidic flue gases, in response to the requirements of environmental legislation. This application will develop further as new legislation and the increased cost of landfill waste disposal lead to the introduction of other disposal methods, such as energy from waste plants.

Calcium chloride is used to treat waste streams containing phosphates, fluorides or sulphates which precipitate out as the insoluble calcium salt. The insoluble salts can be separated by filtration or settling prior to disposal away from the water course. Similarly, calcium chloride may also be used in the wet scrubber stage of an incineration plant to remove phosphates, fluorides and sulphates.

Further Details (PDF)